Ocean Wave Power

Ocean wave power utilizes the natural movements of ocean waves to generate energy. Waves are largely the result of wind blowing over the ocean's surface, creating friction that forces the water to ripple.¹ Electrical generation systems can be placed off of coastal areas where waves flow continuously, drawing energy either directly from the surface motion or from pressure changes below the surface. Energy generators can be installed nearshore, offshore, or far offshore. With each of these strategies the generators are placed at or near the water's surface, but technologies vary over how they are oriented in relation to the waves and the means of energy conversion.²  The potential energy output for a given location depends on various factors such as water density and the wavelength, height, and speed of the waves.³

According to one market research analysis, marine renewable energy, including wave and tidal power, could provide up to 25 gigawatts of power by 2030.⁴ Other groups have estimated that as much as 200 gigawatts could be produced by marine renewables by 2030.  A number of companies have developed unique marine hydrokinetic power system designs. They are being funded by government grants, utility companies, and venture capitalists. If at least 50 percent of these projects come online by 2015, marine power could supply 2.7 gigawatts to the grid.⁵

One benefit of wave power, as compared to other intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is that wave energy, although still intermittent is much more predictable over longer periods than the wind or sun.  At the same time, while wave power is considered a promising technology for some regions, infrastructure is currently very limited.  Coastal areas considered ideal for wave power development include those off of western Scotland, northern Canada, southern Africa, the northwestern and northeastern United States, and Australia.⁶